r^U ( 



lO^^UNITY LEAGUE BULLETIN 



Giving Plan of Organization, Consti- 
tution and By-Laws, Suggestions for 
the Work of Each Committee by the 

Co-operative Education Association of Virginia 



^ / (^ -/ 2^ </4 




A HAPPY COMMUNITY CENTER IN OLD POWELL FORT, SHENANDOAH COUNTY 
These good people, in this isolated valley of the Massanutten Mountains, gave liberally of their 
limited means to secure this modern building for their children and themselves. They have just 
purchased a library and a victrola. 



Issued Jointly by State Departments of 


Health 


Agriculture 


Education 


Dairy and Food 


Highways 


Charities and Corrections 




Virginia Polytechnic Institute 



RICHMOND : 

DAVIS BOTTOM, SUPBBINTBNDBNT OF PUBLIC PRINTING 
1916 



VsCj 



The Co-operative Education Association 

of Virginia 



Officers, 

Mrs. B. B. Muiil'ord President. 

Gov. H. C. Stuart 1st Vice President. 

Major James PI. Dooley 2nd Vice President. 

J. P. McConnell 3rd Vice President. 

Plenr}^ W. Anderson .Treasurer. 

J. PL Montgomery, Executive Secretary, 

809 Chamber of Commerce Bid"'., Eichmond, Va. 

Miss J. Douglas Wright, Secretary of Junior Leagues, 

Eichmond, Va, 

Executive Committee. 



Hemy L. Smith, 
E. A. Alderman. 
Murraj^ Boocock, 
Chas. G. Mapliis, 
Westmorehind Davis 
Ennion G. Williams, 
J. H. Binford, 
James LL DilLarcl, 
J. A. C. Chandler, 
S. C. Mitchell, 
J. T. Mastin, 



E. C. Stearnes, Chairman. 

Jaclvson Davis, 
Thomas S. Wheelwright, 
H. B. Frissell, 
T. O. Sandy, 

F. W. Darling, 
Gr. AV. Koiner, 

G. P. Coleman, 
L. C. Llassinger, 
J. W. Eitchie, 
Miss E. G. Agnew, 
J. D. Eggleston, 

John Stewart Bryan. 



D. of D. 
DEC £3 I91§ 



Q 



The Object 



The prime object of the Association is to make the public 
school the community center for the discussion and encouragement 
of improvement in the educational, social, moral, physical, civic 
and economic conditions, of the community. For the public school 
should be all that its name implies: The school for the public. 
This place where our children are taught should also be a place 
where the young people and the parents may, through community 
co-operation and free discussion, receive inspiration for a larger 
and better life. 

In order for the State Departments that are trying to serve 
all the people, to really do effective and lasting work in a com- 
munity, it is necessary to have there an organization through 
which to work. It is then, our object to prepare this community 
organization and we give here some suggestions on, 

How to Organize a League 

A teacher, minister, or some interested progressive member 
of the community, man or woman, should take the initiative, and 
discuss the need of community organization with other interested 
citizens, with a view to securing their co-operation. A quiet survey 
of the local conditions should be made, and the pressing local 
needs ascertained. If, then, our assistance is desired this infor- 
mation should be submitted to us and we will be glad to offer 
advice. You may also feel free to call on the division superin- 
tendent or your county agricultural or home demonstration agent 
for assistance. 

This done, a public meeting should be called. There the needs 
for, and benefits to be derived from community organization 
should be discussed. If the majority approve the step, names of 
those who will unite in the movement should be taken, and the- 
organization perfected to the extent of electing officers, such as; 
president, vice president, secretary and treasurer, and the appoint- 
ment of committees on membership and on constitution and by- 
laws, to report at the next meeting. 

If a thorough organization is not completed at this first meet- 
ing, a date should be fixed for a second meeting to perfect perma- 
nent organization. This meeting should be held within the next 
two weeks, if possible. 

A constitution and by-laws should be adopted, amount of 
dues fixed, and chairmen of any or all of the standing committees 
appointed. The time of holding the regular meetings should be 



Co-operative Education Association 



fixed, and some definite work suggested for each regular com- 
mittee. 

Immediateh^ after completing the organization, a full account 
of the meeting, giving names and addresses of officers and chair- 
men of standing committees, enclosing the registration fee, should 
be sent, by the secretary, to the secretary of the Co-operative Edu- 
cation Association, Richmond, Va, 

We suggest for the government of the organization the fol- 
lowing : 

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 



Constitution 

ARTICLE I. 

Name. 

This organization shall be called the 

and shall form a branch of the Co- 
operative Education Association of Virginia. 

(We suggest the name Community League). 

ARTICLE II. 

Ohject. 

The object of this organization shall be to advance the edu- 
cational, social, moral, physical, civic and economic interests of 
the community. 

ARTICLE III. 

Membership. 

Any white person of good moral character who is interested 
in the objects of the organization and will comply with the regu- 
lations of the constitution and by-laws, may be elected to mem- 
bership in accordance with Article I, Section 1, of the By-Laws. 

ARTICLE IV. 

Oftcers. 

The officers of this organization shall be a president, a vice- 
president, a secretary, a treasurer, and such other officers as the 
local organization may deem necessary. 



CoTnmunity League Bulletin 



ARTICLE V. 

Management, 

The general management of the organization shall be vested in 
an executive committee, composed of the officers and the chairmen 
of the regular standing committees. 

ARTICLE VI. 

Meetings. 

Meetings shall be held in such manner as the Bj^-Laws may 
direct. 

ARTICLE VII. 

Qiionim. 

One-fourth of the membership shall constitute a quorum for 
the transaction of business. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

Registration Fee and Annual Dues. 

The registration fee and annual clues to the Co-operative 
Education Association shall be one dollar for the community hav- 
ing a one or two-teacher school and two dollars for the com- 
munity having a school with more than two teachers. The regis- 
tration fee covers the first j^ear's dues. 

By-Laws 

ARTICLE I. 

Election, of Members. 

Section 1. Application for membership shall be made by the 
candidate in writing, and shall be referred to the membership 
committee. After being presented by this committee it shall be 
voted on by the organization at a regular meeting, and the af- 
firmative vote of a majoritj^ of the members present shall be neces- 
sary for election. 

Additional Members. 

Sec. 2. When one member of a family is a member of the 
league, paying regular dues, any other member of that immediate 
family may become a member in accordance with section 1 of this 
article, without paying the regular dues. 



Co-operative Education Association 



ARTICLE II. 

Election of Officers. 

Section 1. The officers of this organization shall lie elected 
for cne year at the annual meeting in May, by a mijjority vote. 
TheJr term of office shall begin at the close of that meeting. 

Duty of President. 

Sec. 2. The president shall preside at all meetings of the 
organization, enforce its regulations and perform all other duties 
required of him by the Constitution and By-Laws. 

Duty of Vice-President. 

Sec. 3. The vice-president shall perform the duties of the 
president when the latter is absent. 

Duty of Secretary. 

Sec. .4 The secretary shall keep a record of the attendance 
of members and a complete account of the activities of the organi- 
zation, and perform any other duties required of him by the Con- 
stitution and Bj^-Laws. 

Duty of Treasurer. 

Sec. 5. The treasurer shall collect all money due the organi- 
zation, keep same securely, and pay it out at the direction of the 
executive committee. He shall report collections and expenditures 
at each regular meeting. 

ARTICLE III. 

Gom/mittees. 

Section 1. On taking office the president shall appoint the 
chairman of the standing committees. Then the executive com- 
mittee shall select the additional members of these committees. 

The following list of committees is suggested, any or all of 
them may be appointed or two or three committees may be com- 
bined in one. but if possible have all the committees: 

Committee on Education, 

Committee on Social and Recreational Life, 

Committee on Moral Life, 

Committee on Home Improvement, 

Committee on Farm Improvement. 

Committee on Roads and Streets, 



Community League BuTl^tin 



Committee on Health and Sanitation, 
Committee on Publicity, 
Committee on Membership. 

G om/mittee on Education. 

Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of this committee to look after 
the educational interests of the community, especially with refer- 
ence to the equipment, improvement and maintenance of the school 
building" and playgrounds, and co-operate with the teachers in pro- 
moting the efficiency of the school. In co-operation with Farm and 
Home Improvement committees, it should plan for school and com- 
munity fair each year. 

C om/mittee on Social and Recreational Life. 

Sec. 3. Its chief object should be to plan for social events in 
the community. It should interest parents and children in play 
and recreation, and be careful to see that the social needs of all 
classes and ages are provided for. 

Committee on Moral Life. 

Sec. 4. This committee should encourage regular attendance 
at the church and Sunday school service, and young peoples re- 
ligious services, and seek to bring about co-operation of all cJiris- 
tian forces. It should discourage every immoral feature or in- 
fluence in the community. 

Home hnprovement ^Committee. 

Sec. 5. You should promote interest in the beautification of 
the home and its surroundinsfs. home gardening, canning and the 
installation of labor saving devices, and co-operate with the Edu- 
cational and Farm Improvement committees in holding a com- 
munity fair. 

Farm hnpro'vement Committee. 

Sec. 6. This group should practice and insist on up-to-date 
farming methods, co-operative buying and selling, care of mach- 
inery, rotation and diversification of crops, raising of pure bred 
stock and fowls. It should plan in co-operation with the com- 
mittees on Education and Home Improvement for a school and 
community fair, each year. 



Co-operative Education Association 



Roads and ^Street G onmnittee. 

Sec. T. It is the duty of this committee to work for the con- 
stant improvement and maintenance of roads, bridges, streets and 
sidewalks. 

Sanitation and Health Coninnittee. 

Sec. 8. This committee should be on the alert all the time 
urging careful sanitation of home, school and community, screen- 
ing of houses and care of drinking water and milk. It should 
encourage health inspection in the school and plan campaigns 
against contagious diseases. 

Publicity C oinniittee. 

Sec. 9. You should gather information with reference to the 
activities and accomplishments of the different departments of 
the league and give due publicity, in every way possible, especial- 
ly by making use of the local papers. 

MeuibersMp Committee. 

Sec. 10. The committee should strix^e industrouslj'' to bring 
ever^r good man and woman of the community into the leag'i-r. 
It should also be careful to see that none drop out unless for 
very good cause, as it is just as essential to hold the old members 
as it is to secure new ones. The goal should be every member of 
the community, an active member of the League. 

Executive Ccyinonittee. 

Sec. 11. It shall be the duty of this committee to prepare 
programs for the regular meetings, j^ass on bills presented and 
plan for the welfare of the organization. This committee should 
meet at least once a month. Special meetings can be held on call 
of president, who is ex-oificio chairman of this committee. 

Sec. 12. Special committees may be appointed at anj^ time by 
the president. 

ARTICLE I. 

Meetings. 
Regular Meetings. 

(Regular meetings should be held at least once a month and 
preferably twice a month.) 

Section 1. The regular meetings shall be held 

of each month. 



C ommunity League Bulletin 



Called Meetings. 

Sec. 2, The Executive Committee may call a meeting at any- 
time for a specific purpose, provided the membership is( duly 
notified. Such a called meeting may also be held on the call of 
the president, when requested to do so by at least five members. 

Annual Meeting. 

Sec. 3. The meeting in May shall be the annual meeting. The 
committees and officers shall make report of work done during the 
year, officers for the ensuing year shall be elected, and plans 
for the next year's work should be discussed. A delegate to the 
annual meeting of the leagues, which is held in connection with 
the State Educational Conference in November, should be elected. 
Two delegates should be elected to the county organization in 
counties where we have a county organization of the leagues. 

ARTICLE V. 

Annual Report. 

Section 1. Immediately after the May meeting the secretary 
shall send a full report of the year's work to the Secretary of 
the Co-operative Education Association and to the Secretary of 
the county organization in the counties where we have such an 
organization. 

Special Bay Report. 

Sec. 2. The secretary shall send the special day report to the 
Secretary of the Co-operative Education Association immediately 
after the observance of the day. 

ARTICLE VI. 

Change of By-Laws. 

Sec. 3. These by-laws may be amended, if such amendment 
does not conflict with the constitution, at any regular meeting, by 
a majority vote, provided the proposed amendment has been sub- 
mitted in writing at a previous regular meeting. 



Co-operative Education Associatio^h 



COUNTY ASSOCIATION. 

County Organization. 

Section 1. The leagues in each county where there are as 
many as six or more leagues should endeavor to unite these leagues 
in a county organization. 

Ohject of County Organization. 

Sec. 2. The object is to bring the local leagues into closer 
unity, so they may be able to promote the educational, social, civic, 
and economic interests of the county. A faithful effort should be 
made to organize a league in every school community in the 
county. 

County Meeting. 

Sec. 3. If a county organization can be or has been ef- 
fected, at least one meeting should be held each year. This me it 
ing may be held in connection with the County Teachers Insti- 
tute. Each league should be represented by two delegates. At 
this meeting county officers such as president, vice-president, secre- 
tary and treasurer, should be elected to serve a year. 

'County Executive C om/mittee. 

Sec. 4. The officers of the county organization, the county 
superintendent, the agricultural and home demonstration agents 
(where we have these agents), shall compose the County Execu- 
tive Committee. This committee shall plan for the welfare of 
the county organization, prepare a program and fix the date for 
the annual county meeting. This committee should co-operate 
with the Executive Committee of the County Fair Association in 
making plans for the annual county fair. It should also en- 
courage the holding of a community fair in every organized com- 
munity. The county fair should be made up of a combination of 
the exhibits of the several community fairs. 

Annual State Meeting. 

Every league should send at least one delegate to the State 
Conference which is held each year in connection with the Vir- 
ginia Educational Conference during Thanksgiving week. 

At this meeting report is made of the work for the entire 
State, addresses delivered, and round-table discussions held, on 
subjects vital to the work of the leagues. Also plans for the next 
year's work are suggested. 



Community League BuUetin 9 



Be sure to elect a delegate to this conference, then see that the 
delegate comes, and brings back to you the reidts of the con- 
ference. While we can keep in touch with you through our cor- 
respondence and literature yet nothing will benefit your League 
more than to have a good, representative member attenl this 
annual conference and catch its enthusiasm. 

SUGGESTIONS FOR COMMITTEES 

In addition to the suggestion given in the by-laws, we give 
here an outline of Avork that should be of great assistance to the 
committees. If additional information in the form of bulletins 
or suggestions is desired the chairmen of the committees should 
write to the following departments. The Educational Committee 
should write to the Department of Public Instruction, Eichmond, 
or the Commissioner of Education, Washington, D. C. The Home 
Improvement Committee should write to the Extension Depart- 
ment, V. P. I., Blacksburg, Va. The Moral Life Committee toi 
any denominational publishing house, or Board of Charities; 
and Corrections, Richmond. The Farm Improvement Com- 
mittee to the Department of Agriculture, Eichmond, Va., or- 
Washington, D. C, The Dairy and Food Commission, Eichmond,, 
Va., or Extension Department, V, P. I., Blacksburg, Va. The 
Eoad and Street Committee to the Highway Commission, Eich- 
mond, Va., or the Department of Public Eoads, Washington, D. 
C. The Pleaith and Sanitation Committee to the State Health 
Department, Eichmond, Va. The Co-operative Education Asso- 
ciation will, of course, try to furnish assistance to any or all of 
the committees, either direct from our office or through other 
departments. 

Committee on Education 

There is much for this committee to do and although you may 
not be able to undertake everything that seems necessary, you 
should certainly strive to accomplish some of the objects sug- 
gested here, whether your work is in connection with the strictly 
rural school or with the large town school. The school plant 
and grounds should be put in the very best condition, then this 
plant should be made to render the maximum amount of service 
to the entire communit,y. 

Do not be afraid to undertake a new thing and don't, sh}^ at 
large things, but be constantly doing small things for the sum to- 
tal will soon amount to large results. Many communities are 
dying because the people are unwilling to. get. out of the old mt 
in which they have been traveling these many years, and really 



10 Co-operative Education Association 

do what they can and should do. In this progressive age, un- 
less a community is on the alert and willing to grapple with 
the new educational problems, it is sure to be left in the back- 
ground and its children will suffer the sad consequences. Will 
your committee be active or will it be self-satisfied, void of vision 
and enthusiasm? 

You should, as far as possible, co-operate with the teachers, 
school officials, and any others who are working for educational 
advancement of the community. Perhaps your first duty will 
be to look after the present school equipment. 

School Building. 

If you have a good modern building see that it is kept in 
perfect repair. The floors should be oiled or otherwise treated 
to keep dust down, and all windows, woodwork, picture frames, 
etc., should be thoroughly cleaned. Have the heating apparatus 
gone over and all needed repairs made, also lay in full supply 
of fuel early. See that plenty of chalk and erasers are on hand 
for the opening. Look over the library and other equipment to 
see what might be added to great advantage. 

If yours is not a modern building don't neglect it on that 
account, but put it in the best possible condition for use this year. 
Do not wait for a new building in order to provide the many 
•absolute necessities for the children but devise ways for securing 
these things now. The more unsightly, insanitary, and clilapi- 
<iated the building, the more attention it needs now if it is to 
liouse the children and teachers even for another year. 

Have floors oiled and all interior woodwork, furniture, etc., 
thoroughly cleaned, then keep it so throughout the year. Put all 
hands to work to make both exterior and interior as attractive 
and sanitary as possible. Be sure of all things that the rooms are 
well heated, lighted, and ventilated. Put the outbuildings in 
good repair and make them as sightly as possible. At least three 
good pictures should be placed in each room, then these pictures 
might be changed from room to room annually. Have a good 
teacher's desk and chair in each room and provide some kind of a 
clothes closet or hangers for the children's wraps. 

Grounds. 

About every school there should be some playground space, 
and this should be in the very best condition. By steady regular 
work on the part of the patrons almost any ground can be made 
fit for play. With the playground in the rear, the front yard 
should be covered with grass, flowers, shrubbery and trees. 



Community League bulletin 11 

This is a thing that is all too often neglected, especially in the 
country school. Don't neglect this very important work, for be 
assured that the education of j^our children is largely conditioned 
by environment. An attractive, well kept, sanitary building and 
grounds will help much in securing faithful study and correct 
behavior. Take a kodak picture of building and grounds now, 
then strive to make every improvement that would add to the at- 
tractiveness and efficiency of both, and take some pictures when 
this work has been completed to make comparisons. The publicity 
committee might be able to use such pictures to great advantage. 

Enrollment and Regular Attendance of Pupils. 

Every year several thousand children of school age in this 
State fail to enroll in any school, and of those who do enroll only 
68 to 70 per cent, are in regular daily attendance. This condi- 
tion is greatly retarding the school work and it must be cor- 
rected. One way to improve matters is for each community 
to make an effort to have every child of school age in that com- 
munity enrolled in the school, then through earnest effort strive 
to keep every one of these children in school every day of the 
session. Find the record your school made last year, keep this 
matter before the public, watch the monthly records of the teach- 
ers closely, have them read each month at the league meeting, 
and do not leave anything undone that might help to improve the 
past records of enrollment and regular attendance. 

Length of School Term. 

Every pupil in this State should certainly have the privilege 
of attending school at least 180 of the 365 days, each year. But 
the average length of school term in 1914-1915 outside of the 
cities was only 140 1-2 days, and in the cities 1T3.6 days. Com- 
pare your school term with these figures. Does it come above or 
below? What can jow do to help make the term 180 days. Don't 
move to the city, but go to work at home, and develop public sen- 
timent to the point where your community Avill find a way to give 
your boys and girls, at least what is offered in the cities. Perhaps 
you can't do it all in one year, but if you begin now your com- 
mittee can extend the term at least ten days this year. Find how 
much money it will take to make that extension, then begin at 
once to raise that amount. 

School LAhrary. 

Everv school should have a library, for boys and girls must 
acquire the habit of reading good books, while they are young, or 



12 



Co-operative Education Association 



else they will never take the proper interest in literature. Then 
the young people and adults of the community should have con- 
stant recourse to such a source of knowledge and pleasure. Sev- 
eral years ago this State made it possible for every school, no 
matter how small, to have a good library. Yet there are hundreds 
of schools without even a set of books. Why throw doAvn an 
offer like this! when you are given $25 in good, clean cash if you 
will raise $15, thus providing for $40 to purchase a library for 
your school and community. Su.rely you can't ask for a greater 
bargain than that. Eaise that $15 at once, then notify your super- 
intendent and the clerk of your district board, and it won't be 




(1) Where a League was organized in May, 1915, (2) Building secured through efforts of the League. 
Opened for school September, 1915 

long before you can make your community happy with a very 
precious gift, in the form of a library. 

If you have a library be sure to add some books to it this 
year and each succeeding year. ' Find out from the teachers w^hat 
books of reference are needed and try to get these. Have a dona- 
tion party for the library and ask every family and friend to 
give a book or the price of a book. Think ' of some method that 
will enable you to secure books, then work the method. 

Niglit School. 

In thickly settled and factory communities, a night school 
would prove of great benefit to many who have neglected, or were 



Gommunity League BuTIstin 13 

deprived of the advantages of day school. It would be well to 
consider this step, and if a sufficient number can be interested, 
try to arrange for the school to be open at least two hours three 
nights each week, for instruction in the fTindamentals, such as 
writing, reading, grammar, arithmetic and geograph3^ You will 
find some of the teachers and perhaps some citizens in the com- 
munity who will volunteer their services for this work. The niglit 
school should be for all ages. 

Teacher''s Salary. 

The normal schools and colleges of the State are giAdng us a 
well equipped teaching force but these young people will not re- 
main in the work without a living wage, so the paramount ques- 
tion now is not, "Scarcity of teachers," but inadequacy of salary 
to secure the prepared teacher. 

The average salary for white teachers in counties — high school 
teachers and all included, for the salary of strictly grade teachers 
is very much less, — was the insignificant sum of $306 in 1914- 
1915, while for the cities it was $654. 

Compare the salary paid your teachers with this average, for 
yours may be one of those schools that pays much less than c^/en 
$306. But we must pay higher salaries if we expect prepared 
teachers and efficient service. Now there are two ways by which 
7^011 can help improve this matter. One is to secure the lengthen- 
ing of the school term at the same monthly salary, and the other 
is to gradually raise the monthly salary. This can be done by the 
community taxing itself, very slightly, or by private subscription 
to supplement the regular salary. Or the league might make an 
agreement with the school board to provide for the upkeep of 
the school plant, and for all fuel and janitor service, provided the 
board w^ll give them the usual amount set aside for these piiri)oses, 
to supplement the salary of the teachers. 

Will 5'ou not try to increase the salary of your teachers $25 
this year^ Surely any commimity can do that much. Then of- 
fer a similar increase next year and soon your school will provide 
a living wnge. and thus attract strong teachers. 

Principals Home. 

Every community that has a high school, should give its at- 
tention to the erection or purchase of a home for the principal. 
And with the home there should be from three to ten acres of 
land. By providing the home free of charge and furnishing suf- 
ficient land for one to raise all necessary vegetables, would be 



14 Co-operative Education Association 

equivalent to a substantial raise in salary, and would thereby 
enable the school to secure the services of an able man. 

The South and West are taldng great interest in this move- 
ment and in our own State we have at least three of these home*. 
Your committee should start to work on this matter at once, for 
it is going to be necessary to furnish employment the year through 
in order to induce, strong, capable men to remain in the teachi.ig 
profession. Then, too, just think what it would mean to your 
community, to have the principal right there, from year to year, 
directing the gradual upbuilding of both school and community, 
serving the adults as well as the children. May we not hope for 
ten additional principal's homes this year? Will your community 
be one of the ten? 

School and Community Fair. 

Once each year every community should have the privilege 
of viewing its own Avork, to see whether or not progress is really 
being made. This w^ould stimulate an interest in school, home, 
and farm work that heretofore had been unlaiown. The responsi- 
bility for this fair will largely rest on the Education, Farm Im- 
provement and Home Improvement committees. See suggestions 
given in this bulletin for the community fair. 

Consolidation of Schools. 

It is universally agreed by all authorities on rural education 
that the one room school is an imperfect educational institution 
which cannot give children an adequate training for life in this 
great day. The work must necessarily be confined to the elemen- 
tary branches and owing to the large number of classes, even the 
elementary work cannot be done satisfactorily. There are three 
thousand white one teacher schools in Virginia. A large number 
of these schools should be merged into schools of two or more 
teachers. If your school has a small enrollment and there is with- 
in four miles a larger school we would advise that you carefully 
consider the matter of a siring the district school board to furnish 
transportation for pupils to the larger school. On the other hand 
if there are several small schools in 3^our section we would urge 
the committee to try to get the patrons of these schools to agree 
upon a new, large school at some central point. 

Standard Country Schools. 

If your school has only one or two teachers determine to 
make it a Standard School, recognized as such by the State De- 



Community League Bulletin 15 



pai'tment of Public Instruction. Standard Schools must be prop- 
erly constructed and equipped, the length of term must be at least 
seven months and the teacher's salary must be at least $40 per 
month. Write to the State Board of Education for its bulletin 
on Standard Schools. All Standard Schools receive a handsome 
diploma and also a direct money appropriation from the State. 

Broadening the School Wovh. 

If it is at all practicable to add a laboratory, domestic science^ 
manual arts, agricultural or commercial course to your school, 
make the effort to secure the addition. A number of small com- 
munities in the State have purchased laboratory equipment for 
the school. In other communities the league purchased, dome^.^lc 
science equipment and some ladies of the community take turn 
about giving the lessons. At one school the principal gave the 
use of the basement in his home for manual arts, each boj^ furnished 
his tools, and the principal gave the course. Then in one school 
a bookkeeper and stenographer employed by one of the business 
houses, gives a business course at the school, by worldng an hour or 
so overtime. A real live committee will certainly find a way to 
extend the work, and we hope there avo a number of such com- 
mittees in the State. 

School Improvement Day. 

This committee should co-operate with the teachers in plan- 
ning for a successful occasion. Decide on something of importance 
to the school that should be emphasized on that day then work 
your plan unflinchingly. We suggest that the subject of school 
enrollment and average daily attendance be given special atten- 
tion this year, as this is a matter of vital importance. 

Make an earnest effort to have every patron of the school 
present on this special day and take some action to change these 
conditions in your school. Then keep a record of those who do 
attend this meeting, as it is one of your duties to urge all patrons 
to attend these public meetings at the school, and to visit the 
school while it is in session, so you should keep a record of the 
results. 

You should plan with the other standing committees to make 
the celebration of these special days a good lyceum course. This 
can be done very well, by fixing on some definite objects and se- 
curing your speakers in time for them to make preparation to 
speak on the subjects assigned. 

Write to our Association or the Department of Public In- 
struction if you care for additional information on any of these 
suggestions. 



16 C o-operative Education Association 



Social and Recreation Committee 

One of the most serious drawbacks to genuine community 
spirit is the lack of real social and play life. It is no wonder that 
we are selfish, fault-finding, displeased, unsatisfied folks wdien w^e 
never come out to sing, laugh, rejoice and play together, just for 
the fun of it all. 

He is a genius, Avho can prevail on the young lovers, the 
bachelor boys and girls and old married folks to come down 
from their dignity, and up out of their stupidity just to play and 
rejoice together, but it can be and must be done, in order to have 
a real, genuine, lasting community spirit. 

Special Days. 

One of the very best opportunities to develop this social and 
recreational life is through the special day exercises. Co-operate 
with the Farm, Health and Eoad Committees to make their spec- 
ial days a success. Then as a committee 3^ou should be responsible 
for the success of the other special day exercises, especially Com- 
munity (May 1st) and Independence days. Try to have some 
features of the program that all will thoroughly enjoj^, then make 
a determined and persistent effort to get everybody to play. 

Announce beforehand the simple games you are going to have 
on these occasions and try in advance to create a real desire and 
spirit for play. Then on the day don't give up 'till you have ex- 
hausted every effort to make each one limber up his muscles and 
lungs. 

On these special occasions, look out for strangers, for those 
who are out for the first time, and for the timid ones, to see that 
they are made to enjoy the day. 

School Playground. 

Every school should have some playground space, and it 
should be made use of. Co-operate with the teachers in planning 
and encouraging play on the part of the children. Uphold games 
that give the lara'est number an opportunity to participate with- 
out any great risk or injury. Remeuiber it is the girls you will 
find the greatest trouble with. Boys will get into some kind of 
exercise, but crirls all too often are satisfied to walk leisurely 
around in small groups and go without real wholesome exercise. 

Playground Avfaratus and Courts. 

Do not put much apparatus on the playground, and have in 
mind all the time, the greatest arood to the greatest number. 



Go-operative Education Association 17 



A giant stride, slide, and horizontal bars are all right, while 
for courts, you could well afford to mal^e a phice for volley ball, 
basket ball, indoor baseball (it does not have to be played in- 
doors), and baseball, if space permit. 

It will be well for you to encourage parents to have tennis 
and croquet at home, where the whole family can enjoy themselves 
in the late afternoons. Father, mother, son and daughter will all 
work better and be happier the next day if they would spend one 
hour each day in such wholesome exercise and enjoyment. 

If you have parents or young people in your community who 
"Just haven't time to play," they are the ones for you to work 
with until they correct that mistaken idea. They are the very 
folk to which this old adage applies that, "All work and no play 
makes Jack a dull boy." So it is your duty to prevail on these 
people to prepare for real work through relaxing play. 

Some of the people you need to work on especially are the 
farmers, merchants, office men and women, day laborers, busy 
housekeepers and the "I can'ts." Make your community known 
abroad and dearly loved at home because of its social play-loving 
spirit. 

Games to Play. 

Don't feel that it is necessary for 3^011 to introduce a lot of 
new games, just make full use of the old ones, such as running 
and jumping games for all ages, tug of war, obstacle races, three- 
legged races, shoe-tying race, ^gg race, three deep, prisoner's 
base, volley ball, basket ball and croquet, etc., etc. 

It is the fun, the exercise, the recreation of the community 
you are planning for, and a larger number of all classes and ages 
wall enter into and enjoy these old games, than will take hold of 
new ones. 

Social Events. 

Other than the special day occasions, there are several things 
that may be planned for the social enjoyment of all. 

Reception for Teachers or Ministers. 

In the first place have a public reception for your teacher or 
teachers, no matter whether tliey be new or former teachers — for 
this will encourage the teachers and easily quicken the school 
spirit among patrons and children. 

Inside games may be indulged in, some special music and 
recitations given and then light refreshments served. Make sure 
that everyone there speaks to the teachers and to each other. 



18 



G o-oyerative Education Association 



It would be well to hold such a reception for any new min- 
ister that comes to the community. 

Coniniunity Christm.as Tree. 

If at all possible, have a big community Christmas tree and 
entertainment rather tlian one in each church. Make it a giving 




SOCUL SIDE OF THE LEAGUE WORK 

rather than a receiving Christmas, and try to make every sad or 
depressed heart happy. 

Conirtwnity Picnic. 

Prevail on your Sunday school leaders to agree to a union or 
community picnic, instead of having several little picnics. This 
would be refreshing and help bring about a spirit of good fel- 
lowship. By all means don't fail to make the very most of your 
opportunity in connection with the community fair. 



Community League bulletin 19 

Moral Life Committee 

The greatest single influence for tiie develoi^ment of moral 
life in any community is the church, and while each denomination 
has its own distinct org'anizatioii, j^et the church so directly con- 
cerns each individual, that anything the comuiunity may do to 
encourage its work will redound to the good of all. During the 
last few years many agencies have been laboring for closer co- 
operation, and a more perfect co-ordination bet^veen the several 
denominations, and this work is producing very satisfactory re- 
sults. The brilliant ray of hope for the increasing success of 
church work, is the splendid growtJi of good fellowship being 
brought about b}^ interdenominational co-operation, such as the 
common Sunday School lesson, iho, Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. A., 
The Layman's Missionary JNIo^ement, Anti-Saloon League and 
Federation of Young People's Societies. One of the great op- 
portunities of this committee is to help biing about closer federa- 
tion of the churches m your community, for that will mean the 
co-operation of the greatest moral forces for a common purpose. 

The Committee Itself. 

This committee must be broad minded, unselfish, and tactful. 
It might be well for it to adopt the 13th chapter of First Corinth- 
ians as a platform. It should work iu harmony with the ministers 
and church leaders in those matters that pertain to the church 
proper, and by all means seek their faithful co-operation in e^'ery 
moral movement. Call in these leaders to your first meeting and 
secure their assistance in making plans for your work. 

hnfTOvement of Church Buildings and Grounds. 

Because of the recognized power for good, of the church, 
the plant and service should be made so attractive that all may be 
brought under its influence. Begin with the exterior and make 
the building and 3^ard of every church in the community really 
appeal to all who pass that way. The building should be in a 
good state of repair, and the fence, if there is one, and the out- 
buildings should be kept in the very best condition. The ^^ard 
should be covered with grass and some flower beds and shrubs 
should be artistically placed about the yard. Then the grass and 
flower beds should have regular, careful attention. There should 
be some shade trees su.rrounding the grounds, but by all means do 
not make these trees hitching posts, but have a place for the horses 
and vehicles at the rear of the lot and make a passage way to this 
space so there will be no travelling over the lawn. Do not let 
am^thing mar the beauty of the front yard and the building. 



20 Co-oyeratvve Education Association 

Each church organization slioulcl be encouraged to make and 
keep the interior of the church comfortable and attractive. An 
artistic arrangement of the furniture, clean floors, dustless pews 
and proper ventilation adds much to the real spirit of worship, 
while a dusty, unattractive, poorly ventilated building detracts 
much from the service. 

Cemetery or Grave Yard. 

Along with the church improvement should go improve^ 
ment of the burial ground. This is often situated on a lot ad- 
joining a church, and it is usually sadly neglected. While the 
city cemetery is usually one of the most beautiful places to be 
found, too often the small town or country burial ground is full 
of weeds and otherwise is very unsightly. Some one has said 
"Show me your churches and graveyard and I will know the moral 
life of the communit}^" Your committee should plan for the im- 
provement and upkeep of this sacred spot. Surely any people 
will co-operate in such an undertaking. You may rest assured 
that your first step in the improvement of moral life will be the 
beautifying of churches and graveyard. 

Displacing the Immoral l>y the Moral. 

There are in nearly every community a few places that are 
very unattractive from the moral standpoint and these should 
be removed or improved. There are certain places where boys and 
men congregate, tell questionable tales, and indulge in rather 
unbecoming talk. This may be a street corner, a store, pool room 
or some such place, that may by a little judicious effort on 3^our 
part be cleaned up. The most effective corrective is to provide a 
more suitable meeting place such as a Y. M. C. A. or young 
people's club, with a reading, bath and play rooms. This place 
can be provided even in a small community, by a real co-operative 
effort. 

Search out the immoral features of your own community, then 
strive to find the most effective corrective. 

Church Co-operation. 

In many communities there are three or four churches, with 
a monthly or bi-monthly service. It is well to plan with the min- 
isters to have these services so arranged that there may be at 
least one preaching service in the community every Sunday. When 
that matter is adjusted, you should put forth an earnest, steady ef- 
fort to have all the members of all of the churches attend these 



Gommunity League Bulletin ' 21 

services. If there are four churches with service in each one 
once a month all four memberships should be induced to unite 
in the service at the respective places. In such a community it 
would be well to hold a union mid-week prayer meeting, having 
the service in the several churches in regular monthly rotation. 
Such services for Sunday and mid-week will reach the largest 
number of people, and thereby prove of greatest moral worth. 

Sunday School. 

Your committee can do much for the moral life of young 
and old, by keeping up a systematic, non-partisan campaign for 
the enlistment of every member of the community in some Sun- 
day School. 

In order to make the Sunday school attractive and efficient, 
it will be necessary to have efficiently trained officers and teachers. 
Fortunately every church has, or is making it possible for its 
Sunday school workers to be trained, by providing teachers study 
courses for the teachers, officers and those who may be called into 
these positions. Classes composed of young men and young 
women who should be making preparation for service can be 
formed to take this course of study at the regular Sunday school 
period. The regular officers and teachers can arrange for a week- 
night meeting to pursue this course. No school should be without 
such a course of study, and you should give your attention to this 
matter at once. 

Puhlic Places. 

One of the best ways to keep a good moral atmosphere about 
public places like the court house and yard, railway station, or 
public park, is to make these places attractive, with a well kept 
lawn, flowers, etc. 

The railway company will usually give every assistance in 
making and keeping the depot and premises in good condition, if 
the people of the community will manifest a real interest and spirit 
of co-operation. 

Appeal to the city and countv officials to keep the court house 
and parks in the very best condition. 

Important Work. 

When boys and girls are dropping from school and idling 
around the village, become a Big Brother or Big Sister to them, 
encourage them to go to shcool or to work; for from the ranks 



22 Co-operative Education' Association 



of these idle youths are recruited the criminals of tomorrow. Pre- 
vent them from going to jail by turning their energies in the 
right direction while young. If you see children groAving up 
without proper guardianship, notify the local magistrate who can 
remove them to wholesome surroundings. Try to decrease your 
criminal and pauper element by freventive measures^ if iJossihle; 
but if your county still needs the jail and almshouses, see that the 
influences at these institutions are as healthful as possible. En- 
courage the people of the county to visit the institutions and make 
use of the county farm for demonstration purposes. Teach the 
inmates to do what they can to help themselves. Co-operate with 
the State Board of Charities, Eichmond, Va.. in placing friend- 
kss, feeble-minded persons in the State Colony and thereby cut 
off your supply of degenerate folks. 

Better Church Day. 

There is given in our bulletin on Special Days, a program 
for Better Church Day, which we urge this committtee to have 
observed in jouv community on a Sunday in the month of August. 
Have all the churches unite in this service and make the occasion 
really beneficial to the churches and the community. 

Home Improvement Committee 

This committee has a great opportunity to help make the com- 
munity more attractive, the home life more inviting, and the citi- 
zens, both young and old, happier. There is something abouc a 
well kept, attractive yard and home, that just makes a fellow 
love life and want to get the ^^ery most out of it. Yet the home 
and its surroundings are so often sadly neglected. Will not this 
committee work systematically and energetically to make every 
L'ome in the community, whether it is the grand old homestead or 
the humble home of the hired man, really attractive? 

Outside of the House. 

Have every family straighten up and put in good repair, the 
fence around the house, then either whitewash or paint it. No 
matter how large or small the front yard, sow it in grass, lay a 
winding walk, put out some shrubs and flowers. Don't spare any 
trouble to make this spot beautiful, and keep it so. There is 
plent}^ of room elscAvhere for wood, farm implements, etc. If 
every family can't afford a lawn mower, two or three families can 
purchase one too-ether. but o-et one in some way. Now it is just 
as important to keep the back yard in good condition. It should 



Community League Bulletin 23 



be clean, have some flowers in it, and the scmitary outbuildings, 
chicken houses, wash house, closets, etc., should be covered with 
vines. 

Family Garden. 

Every family should have a productive, well kept garden, 
free from weeds and trash. Straight rows and well made seed 
beds do just as well as the other kind, and look so much better. 
It w^ould not be amiss to have flowers planted all around the edge. 
Every family should be encouraged to have a vegetable garden, 
producing every vegetable that can be grown in your locality. The 
comniittee should seek to introduce new vegetables that have not 
been grown before. « 

The House Itself. 

For protection even, but just as much so for the aesthetic 
effect, the house should be kept painted. For the protection of 
health it should be screened and plentj^ of light and air should 
be let into each room ever}^ day. Some vines on porches and 
chimneys will add to the beauty of the house. 

Inside the House. 

This should be made convenient and attractive, and the kitchen 
should not be neglected in this arrangement. If it is at ail pos- 
sible water should be pumped into the kitchen from the spring or 
well. A good sink with drain pipe is very essential. The Avhole 
room should be arranged so that the good housekeeper Avill b-<!ve 
to take just as few steps as possible. A few well chosen pictures 
should be hung in the sitting room and bed rooms. The dinug 
room should be so light, and neat, and everything so arranged 
that all Avill thoroughly enjoy the meals. 

Much attention should be given to the food values of dif- 
ferent foods, and the best preparation and serving of this fc^od. 

Thirty of the counties in the State are fortunate enough to 
have a trained Home Demonstration Agent, who devotes her tinie 
to visiting the communities and helping the women and girls in 
better home making. If your county has this agent, your com- 
mittee should secure her splendid assistance. If yours is (me of 
the seventy counties Avithout the Home Demonstration Age.nt yon 
could not do a better work than to start a moA^ement to secure 
an aofent in A^onr count a^ 



24 Co-operative Education Association 



Swpervision of the Food Sufply. 

The fact that fifty per cent, of our income is spent in foods, 
and that the women of the hoiisehokl make nine-tenths of the 
purchases of family supplies, gives them a right to demand that 
the dealer who distributes their food, shall observe cleanliness and 
care in supplying their wants. In several of the cities of the 
tState, the women are doing much along this line, but in the towns 
and rural districts it is often sadly neglected by everybody. The 
stores can be inspected, and the merchants warned that you will 
demand proper sanitary measures be taken to protect the food, 
and as a whole, the merchants will be glad to co-operate with 
the committee. 

Placards might be placed, by the committee, in those stores 
that faithfully comply with the sanitary measures, and your com- 
mittee wdll soon find that every merchant will be eager to get on 
your approved list. 

The State Dairy and Food Commission. Eichmond, will be 
glad to render every assistance possible in this work. 

W orMng PrograTn. 

In our desire to meet the needs of many women in the State 
who wish to make a definite study of Home Improvement, but 
who do not know how to proceed, we have prepared the following 
course of study. 

The chairman of any Home Improvement Committee who 
wishes to take up this course with the women of her league, may 
secure outlines, bulletins and suggestions of books by applying 
to Extension Division, V. P. I., Blacksburg, Va. 

1. Efficient Equipment for Home Making: 

1. For Working (kitchen, dining room, laimclry). 

2. For Resting (bed room and sleeping porches). 

3. For Recreation (living rooms and porches). 

2. Food Values: 

1. Use of Farm Products — Cereal for breads and meats. 

2. Use of Vegetable Garden. 

3. Use of Poultry Plant. 

4. Use of Home Orchard. 

3. Health of the Household : 

1. Personal Hygiene. 

2. Home Nursing. 

3. Care of the child. 



C oiwiiiunity League Bulletin 25 



4. Clothing for the Family : 

1. For Work. 

2. For Play. 

5. Home Environment : 

1. Front Yard. 

2. Back Yard. 

6. Sanitary Conditions on Farm and in Homes. 

Better Farming Committee 

Organization. 

This committee should include a representative of each Farm- 
ers' Union, farmers' club, cow-testing and breeders' association, 
etc., already organized in the community. Besides the chairman, 
a secretary should be appointed to keep records and a sub-chair- 
man to have special charge of various lines of agriculture. 

Meetings. 

The committee should call all farmers together once, or better, 
twice a month to discuss methods of procedure, also to report pro- 
gress and results. 

Ohjects. 

The purpose of this committee is to improve each farm and its 
surroundings; to create a lively interest in the study of agricul- 
tural problems and to foster movements tending toward the im- 
provement of the agricultural activities in the community tribu- 
tary to the League. 

To do this, call attention to the following lines of develop- 
ment: 

Soil Improvement 

Increased Crop Production 

Live Stock 

Dairying 

Horticulture 

Agricultural Contests 

Co-operation 



26 G o- operative Education Association / 

Method of Procedure. 

A definite "Plan of Work" should be drawn up to guide the 
committee in its activities. A survey of the agricultural condi- 
tions of the community will assist greatly in the formation of 
these plans. Among other things, this survey should show : 

Farm practices that increase soil fertility; acreage and kind 
of crops grown, with methods employed; number and kind of live 
stock, also feeding methods that give largest profits; number, 
acreage and kind of fruit trees, small fruits, truck crops, etc., 
and practices that give best returns; advisability of contests 
(a) among adults in growing and showing crops and live stock, 
and (b) boys in club work; ways to co-operate with other com- 
mittees of the League. 

All the farmers of the community should be called together 
to study the findings of the survey, and to- decide upon plans for 
community improvement. 

The committee should endeavor to see that the best practices 
as shown by the surve3% together with the recommendations of 
the heads of the departments of the Virginia Experiment Station, 
Blacksburg, Virginia, or the State Agricultural Department, 
Eichmond, Virginia, are adopted, as far as possible, by every 
farmer. No better Avay has been found by which this can be ac- 
complished than to get one or more acres, one or more head of 
live stock, one or more fruit trees, or a small area, of fruit, on 
each farm cared for or treated according to the best known meth- 
ods as shown by the survey and recommendations of agricultural 
experiment stations. 

The natural tendency of all persons is to follow the example 
of others. For this reason, at least one farmer well situated should 
be selected to conduct one or more demonstrations along these 
lines especially for the benefit of his neighbors. A record should 
be kept of steps taken on these demonstrations, and a report of 
progress made from time to time to the farmers of the community, 
at the regular meetinsfs arranged for by the committee. 

Field meetings should be held at these special demonstrations, 
so that all ma}" see what is taking place, together with results ob- 
tained. 

Soil Lnvprovement. 

A more productive soil is necessary, in order to secure better 
food, clothes, books, roads, schools, churches and homes — the things 
that will make a broader community life and a greater Virginia 
possible. 



Coinmunity League Bulletin 27 

To obtain this, aim to get each farmer to properly care 
for and distribute farm manure; to sweeten his acid soil by the 
use of some form of lime: to use phosphate in some form in ade- 
quate amounts, as well as other commercial fertilizers when the 
necessity is shown by results at the nearest experiment station; 
to use cover crops of crimson clover, vetch, rye, etc., on land for- 
merly left bare during the winter; to practice one or tw^o inches 
deeper plowing each year, until at least eight inches is reached ; 
and to drain wet lands by tiling or open ditches, without high 
banks. 

Increased Crop Production. 

Each farm should produce sufficient grain and hay crops, per- 
manent and temporary pastures, etc., to supply with a certaintj^ the 
demand for home consiuuption. The most economical way to im- 
prove the production of these crops is to increase the yields per 
acre. Select one or more farmers to conduct demonstrations on 
some one of the following crops for the benefit of their neighbors: 
corn, wheat, alfalfa, timothy, clover, hay and pasture mixtures, 
soy beans, cowpeas, vetch, etc., and the mowing, clearing and late 
spring grazing of pastures. 

When a living for the family and forage and feed for the live 
stock has been provided for at least one year, with a slight ex- 
cess, then attention should be given to a cash crop. The aim 
should be to produce the maximum, as Avell as the most economical 
yield possible. Tobacco and cotton can be considered only as cash 
crops, while peanuts, corn, wheat, hay, etc., are often considered 
as both cash and food crops. Demonstrations in these special 
crops should also be conducted. 

After progress has been made in the above, a three to five- 
year test of the varieties of seed corn, wheat or other crops grown, 
also tests of manuring, liminQ'. cultivation, etc., can be arranged 
for. A one-year test is not reliable. 

Live Stock. 

The data obtained from the live stock survey should be used 
as a basis and argument for the forming of some one or more of 
the following activities: 

Breeders' association, and a campaign for onlv one breed in 
the community: iiure-bred sires' club, and a campaign to get far- 
mers to use nothing but pure-blood sires; cow-testing associa- 
tion, and a campaio-n against "boarder" cows, as shoAvn bv milk 
and butter fat records kept; live stock shippino- association, to 
ship live stock co-operatively in car lots; campaign against black 
leg : campaign against hog cholera ; campaign for the erection of 



28 



Co-operative Education Association 



silos on every farm with ten or more head of cattle; campaign for 
the increased use of cottonseed meal as a cattle feed ; campaign 
for the better care of young stock during the winter; campaign, 
looking toward the better caring for and feeding of work horses 
all the j^ear. 

One or more demonstrations should be conducted in the 
feeding and grazing of beef cattle, dairy cattle, sheep and hogs, 
and the winter feeding of colts and calves. Every farmer should 
be urged to carry out methods employed in the above demonstra- 
tions with two or more head of live stock. 




AN AGRICULTURAL DEMONSTRATION TRAIN 
in a progressive community where the people are seeking new ideas on farm and stock improvement 

Dairying. 

The Dairying industry is growing rapidly in this State, and 
many men, seeing the splendid advantages ottered by the climate 
and soil of the State for this industry, are coming here from other 
States to enter the business. Surely then, our own people should 
recognize its value and take up this industry, for every pound of 
standard butter, and quart of good milk will find a ready sale, 
while the soil will be greatly improved by the stock. This offers 
your committee a splendid opportunity to interest the farmer in 
a profitable industry. 

The Dairy and Food Commission, Eichmond, will furnish in- 
formation desired. 



Community League Bulletin 29 

Horticulture. 

The findings of the siirve}^, together with tlie experiment 
station recommendations, should be the basis used by the commit- 
tee in outlining: 

A campaign for the eradication of disease and insect pests 
among fruit trees, by means of spraying, pruning, etc.; a cam- 
paign toward getting only those varieties best adapted to the lo- 
cality set in new orchards; a fruit-packing demonstration, if suf- 
ficient interest is manifested, and co-operative packing, if suffi- 
cient fruit of the same variety and of uniform quality is avail- 
able. 

One or more demonstrations should be conducted in the pro- 
per cultivation and fertilization, as well as pruning and spraying, 
of fruit trees. Horticultural demonstrations should run three to 
five years to be of the greatest benefit to the community. 

Each farmer should be urged to employ the methods outlined 
for the demonstrations on ten or more trees in his home orchard. 

The same method of procedure should be pursued with small 
fruit and truck crops. 

Agrieultiiral Contests. 

Contests in growing one to five acres of corn, wheat, alfalfa, 
haj^, etc., could well be arranged among the farmers. Similar 
contests in grooving and feeding live stock would be interesting 
and very profitable. Exhibits at the community fair of all farm 
jjroducts, including liA'e stock, should be encouraged. This will 
induce friendly competition and soon add greatlj^ to the quality 
and uniformity of all products. 

Boys' Club work, as developed by the Division of Extension 
work of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, should be organized 
with a large, healthy enrollment. A local leader should be in 
charge of each activity — with corn, hogs, baby beef, etc. 

A boys' judging contest in corn, grains, frnit or live stock 
should be arranged for at the community fair. Winners in each 
of these branches could contest still further at county fairs. 

Marketing Information. 

The State Department of Agriculture has now a Bureau of 
Markets, which will endeavor to assist producer and consumer of 
agricultural products in marketing and purchasing these products 
to the very best advantage. 

Information on standardization of products, packing and 
shipping will be furnished. Write to Department of Agriculture, 
Bureau of Markets, Richmond, Va. 



80 G o-operative Education Association 

C o-opeixition. 

This committee should co-operate with other committees of 
the league in the conducting of a community fair. It can assist 
the committee on good roads in draining mud holes, cutting bushes 
and weeds from roadsides, cutting trees that shade the road too 
much, and using road drags; the committee on health by draining 
ponds, water holes, etc., that breed mosquitoes, or erecting sani- 
tary outhouses at schools and at each home to guard against ty- 
phoid fever; the home improvement committee in the beautifica- 
tion and oare of home grounds, conducting all-the-A^ear round gar- 
dens and in work with poultry; the school committee in improv- 
ing the school buildings, equipment and grounds, and encouraging 
the teaching of agriculture in the public schools. 

Co-operation should be encouraged among farmers in buying 
high-priced machinery, as well as pure-bred sires. 

Special trips should be arranged for farmers and their fami- 
lies) to study the methods of successful farmers, also to the nearest 
experiment station and to the Virginia Experiment Station at 
Blacksburg. 

Sources of Informcdion. 

Valuable assistance in the wa}^ of blank forms, lists of ques- 
tions, suggestion, advice, s^oecial literature, personal instructions, 
programs for meetings, etc., to assist in the surveys, campaigns, de- 
monstrations and other work outlined, will be furnished gladly 
by the County Agricultural Agent, or from the Division of Agri- 
cultural Extension Work, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacks- 
burg, Virginia. 

The State Department of Agriculture, Eichmond, Virginia, 
will aid in all the activities outlined in every way possible. 

The committee is urged to use these sources of information and 
assistance at all times. 

County AgHcultural Demonstration Agent. 

If your county has an agent the committee should constantly 
seek his advice and assistance. If you haven't an agent, one of the 
best things this committee can do is to begin work now to get 
one. Write to us or to the Extension Department, Blacksburg, 
Va. 

Farm hnprovenient Day. 

Your committee should take real pride in making this special 
day a success in your community. It will be a real opportunity 
for you. A program is given in our Special Day bulletin. 



Community League Bulletin 31 

Committee on Roads and Streets 

One of the principal things affecting the welfare of any com- 
munity is the condition of its roads. If they are in bad condition, 
the community suffers and is retarded in its moral, as well as its 
material, development. Tliis committee can do a great work in 
studying the methods of road improvement applicable to the sec- 
tion in which it works in calling to the attention of the local road 
authorities needed improvements, and in enlisting the co-operation 
of the people of the community in making such improvements as 
cannot be made by the local road authorities for lack of funds. 
The results that can be accomplished in this wa}'- cannot be esti- 
mated in value, as the improvement of the roads not only enable 
a larger traffic to be hauled with greater ease, but also facilitates 
the attendance of the people of the community at churches and 
schools, and also enables them to have more social communication 
with their friends and neighbors. 

The work, to be most successful, should be carried on in co- 
operation with the local road authorities and as far as possible 
in a way to enlist their aid. The State Highway Commission 
is anxious to co-operate with the road committee as well as with 
the local road authorities in every way that offers an}'' hope of im- 
proving the condition of the roads both public and private. 

Main Highways. 

The main highways should be maintained by the State and 
county jointly, and the onl}^ assistance that can profitably be 
rendered by the league as a rule, is to aid the local road authori- 
ties in keeping the roads from being made a dumping ground for 
refuse, and as a place for piling wood, lumber, etc.; in seeing 
that they are used in the proper manner and that vehicles and 
machinery which are unreasonably damaging to them a^e not 
operated on the roads. 

By giving the local road authorities. the moral support which 
they need in this respect, they will be materially assisted in en- 
forcing the laws governing such matters. The local road authori- 
ties may also be aided by calling their attention to defects in the 
road or errors or neglect on the part of the maintenance forces. 

When storms or other emergencies occur, the people of the 
community may well assist by cutting away fallen trees, removing 
drifts from bridges and culverts and opening ditches and drains, 
but ordinarily the work of maintenance should be attended to by 
the local road authorities, which should have the co-operation of 
the road committee. 



32 



Co-ope7ritive Education Association 



Tributary Roads. 

Tributary roads should be maintained jointly by the county 
and district in much the same manner as the main highways. As 
the traffic on them is lighter, the labor and material required 
for maintenance should not be so great, but where the funds for 
their upkeep are limited, more assistance should be rendered by 
the people of the community to aid the local road authorities. 

Neighhorhood Roads. 

For a long time to come a large majority of the roads of this 
State must be maintained as earth roads, as it is altogether im- 




OBSERVING GOOD ROADS DAY 
A country league in Louisa county putting their country road in good condition. Note the home made drag. 

practicable for the State or counties to raise the money required 
to improve them by surfacing them with gravel, macadam or other 
hard surfaces. As the majority of the people, however, live on 
such roads and must traverse them in order to reach the main 
highways, they are of the greatest importance and should be 
maintained in such a condition that the same loads can be hauled 
over them that can be hauled over tlie main highwaj^s. This 
is not very difficult to accomplish, as the traffic on such roads is, 
as a rule, comparatively light and less effort is required to main- 
tain them in a suitable condition. 

This committee should look after the maintenance of each 
road, the chairman to act as superintendent. He should call on 



Community League Bulletin 33 

the local road authorities and the State Highway Commission 
for assistance in locating and constructing needed changes of 
line, and for the use of the county or district road equipment in 
putting the road in proper condition foi maintenance to begin 
with. He should then call upon the people who travel the road 
to join with him in improving and maintaining it, first, by fur- 
nishing the necessary teams to operate a road machine or grader 
to grade needed changes of line ; to haul material to improve the 
surface on bad sections; to construct culverts and drains and 
shape the road and ditches in the proper way. Wherever the 
road drag can be used economically, the road should be dragged 
b}^ the neighbors after every rain or hard freeze in a systematic 
manner. A bulletin describing the construction and operation 
of the road drag is published by the State Highway Commission 
and will be sent to anyone upon request. Full directions are 
given in it for constructing a road drag, and describing the 
manner in which it should be operated. 

Drain the Road. 

Whenever it is practicable to do so, water should be carried 
under the road rather than over it, but a water break is much 
better than no form of drainage and the water should be carried 
off the road as quickly as possible, instead of allowing it to run 
down the hills and thus damage the road, or else stand in low 
places causing mud holes that are often almost impassable. If 
one will observe in going over a road, it will be found that in 
the majority of cases, the worst places on the road are caused by 
lack of drainage and often if a pipe or culvert were placed 
at that point and the water carried under the road, little would 
be needed in addition to put the road in good condition. 

Where the consent of adjacent property owners can be ob- 
tained trees which shade bad portions of the road may be cut 
back and the sun permitted to reach the road surface and thus 
dry up damp or muddy sections. 

By co-operating in this way the people of any community can 
aid materially in the improvement of their public highways and 
in this way increase their welfare and comfort. 

Private Roads. 

In addition to improving public highways, it would be well 
to encourage each family to try and improve its private road 
from the public highway to the home. How often it is the 
case, after one has reached the gate leading to a. home, the road 
from there to the house is found to be in such bad condition as 



34 Co-operative Education Association 

to be almost impassable. A family should take considerable 
pride in the appearance of the home and few things add more 
to its attractiveness than to have a well located and well main- 
tained driveway. It is surprising how little actual work is re- 
quired to obtain these results if the proper intelligence and at- 
tention is displayed in laying out the road and in keeping it in 
order. 

Beautifying Higliivays. 

While it is not practicable for us, at present, to attempt to 
beautify the sides of the public highways to any appreciable ex- 
tent, this can be done with private driveways hy planting shade 
trees, shrubs and sometimes even flowers along the sides of the 
roadway from the gate to the house. These will add to its at- 
tractiveness and improve the appearance and even the selling 
value of the entire place. 

The State Highway Commission is energetically and con- 
scientiously working for the improvement of the public highways 
of the State and is also ready and anxious to give all the assist- 
ance that it can in the improvement of private roads. A number 
of bulletins are published by the department, which will be dis- 
tributed free upon request and application should be made for 
copies by this committee and by any others who desire to inform 
themselves on road topics. 

Streets and Sideioalks. 

As a usual thing the tax budget in the town or city, is not 
sufficient to put more than just the principal streets in good con- 
dition, so many other ways must be found for making improve- 
ments on the remaining streets and sidewalks. Here is where 
the committee can render valuable assistance. 

Every street in the town or city should be well drained and 
if at all possible have some covering. But if it is not possible to 
.=:urface with some material, these streets should be gone over 
often with the road roller and otherwise treated so that they may 
be usable all the year round. It may be possible to persuade the 
residents of certain streets to contribute a fund for the upkeep 
of their street and one member of the committee could be as- 
signed to the Avork of seeing that this money is expended wisely. 

But find some means to prevent your streets from being mud 
holes throughout the rainy season. 

Sideioalhs. 

Each family should be encouraged to lay sidewalk in front 
of the premises. But do not make the mistake of letting each 



Coiniiiunity League Bulletin 35 

family put down the Idnd of sidewalk that suits its fancy, de- 
velop a little street pride and have an agreement for the same 
kind of material, for at least each block. If this is not given at- 
tention some will put down nothing, some cinders, some gravel, 
some cement, etc., all in one block, or even on one side of a block, 
and that detracts so much from the real beauty of the section. 
Don't decide on the material that the wealthiest alone can afford, 
but that which the majority can afford, and insist on that. 
Work faithfully for some kind of sidewalk on every street. 

Beautifying Streets. 

Between the street and sidewalk proper there should be left 
some space for grass, shrubs, trees and flowers, then this space 
should be made beautiful. Insist on the same kind of trees for 
each street, for if you do not the very lack of harmony will 
spoil the beauty. 

Try to make this same rule apply to shrubbery. 

Then the front fence, if any, will have to have attention. 
Try to displace all material fencing with hedge or other shrub- 
bery. 

Maintenance and Cleaning. 

Too often, after a street or sidewalk has been improved, it 
is let alone till it has to be made over again. Much expense could 
be saved, if this committee would constantly remind proper au- 
thorities or individuals wlicre repair is needed in sidewalks or 
street. 

Then these streets should be kept clean, have rubbish cans 
at convenient places and insist that the people use them for waste 
paper, fruit peelings or anything they are accustomed to throw- 
on the street. Practically every town can engage some one to 
make regular collection of this material and haul it off or burn 
it. 

If it is at all possible have the street cleaned and sprinkled 
regularly. Sometimes this can be done at a very small expense, 
by securing the services of some man with a team to do the work 
at night, and thereby not keep him from his regular daily occu- 
pation. 

You should also add beauty to the main streets by having the 
merchants keep their premises clean, and not put their wares out 
on the sidewalk. So many streets, in small towns especially, have 
all their beauty taken away by the merchants putting all kinds 
of unsightly material in the front and on the sides MJoif the store. 
Try to put a stop to this, encourage them to keep iK^lj^an, attractive 



86 C o-operative Education Association 

show windows and insist that all hitching posts be at the rear of 
the building. 

You should also encourage the merchants to use attractive 
signs if they use street signs at all, then have these signs placed 
at a uniform height above the sidewalk, well over the heads of 
pedestrians. 

Make the very best use of your opportunity on Good Roads 
Day. Assist the teacher in getting up the program, then adver- 
tise the day so well that you can make sure of a good crowd. 

General. 

In addition to improving the roads and streets of the com- 
munity, the work done in this way will give the people a first 
hand knowledge of road construction and maintenance, which 
cannot be as easil}^ obtained in any other way and they will be 
then better able to judge as to the economy and efficiency with 
which road improvement is carried on by the public officials and 
be qualified to offer valuable suggfestions with regard to road 
materials which are locally available. 

Health Committee 

Inhfortance. 

The Health Committee is one of the most important com- 
mittees, since it deals with the quality of the raw materials of the 
school factory, namely, the children themselves and their power 
to do what the school is designed to teach them to do. 

A pupil, graduated with highest honors and broken health, 
represents wasted effort on the part of the State school system, 
which makes the public school possible, waste on the part of the 
community that sustains the school, Avaste on the part of the 
teacher who has given of his best, and worse than waste on the 
part of the graduate himself, who cannot utilize for any good 
purpose the knowledge and training he has acquired. 

It is manifestly the duty of some one to prevent the schools 
from being contributina; factors to ill health and inefficiency. 

The School and Civic League through its Health Committee 
is the logical agenc}^ to do the work necessary to accomplish this. 

Preliminary. 

The Health Committee should have as its chairman some-one 
interested in puhlic health, and who is willing to attend the meet- 
ings of the League. A doctor may be the right person but usually 



Com'rnuniUj League Bulletin 



37 



he is not. His job has mainly to do with private health rather 
than that of the public, and moreover he is usually too busy to 
be depended upon. A doctor on the committee will give the 
necessary medical advice needed from time to time. Whoever is 
selected let him or her be a hustler, ready with a report at every 
meeting of the League. 

Let the committee resolve to do only one thing at a time, and 
hammer at that until it is fairly well on its way to accomplish- 
ment. 











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HEALTH JUBILEE 
After making this little one-room building and the outhouses clean and sanitary, then cleaning up and laying 
out playgrounds, the League met for an all day meeting and had every child of the community examined by a 
capable physician 

The School Building and Surroundings. 

Since at present we cannot dissociate the school building from 
our ideas of proper school equipment, it becomes of first importance 
that this building be sanitary, in order that whatever may be the 
physical quality of the child as he comes to the school, he shall 
not be deteriorated by his surroundings. 

Let the Health Committee ask itself the following questions 
and answer them, by careful consideration and such action as 
may be possible to it, remembering that earnest effort can move 
mountains : ' 

Is the school building well and healthfully located? How 
close are swamps, pigpens, ugly drains and puddles or other public 
rraisances? 



38 Community League Bulletin 

Is the school building well ventilated ? If not, why not ? 
In the country, window boards or window weights may be all 
that is necessary, except the prime necessity of a sensible teacher. 

Is the school building properly lighted? Let no window re- 
main in front of any desk. The eyes of small children cannot stand 
this glare any more than grown people can. 

Water. 

Has the school a good water supply? If a well is used, is it 
provided with a good pump? Has it a concrete protected top? 
If not, the committee has a job of supreme importance to its hand. 
The open bucket well is unpardonable in the light of our present 
knowledge. 

If a spring is used, has it a good deep trench protecting it 
against surface pollution? Is oare being used in dipping from it? 
A good spring and a filthy water boy are a bad combination. 

School Fountain or Cooler. 

Has the school a good water cooler or a good bubbling foun- 
tain? Are individual cups used? If not, the Health Committee 
can with propriety get busy. 

Sewerage. 

Is the sewerage disposal sanitary? Are there adequate ac- 
commodations for the boys and for the girls? Is there proper 
discipline of the boys, particularly, in the care of the sanitary ar- 
rangements of the grounds? The Health Committee ought to de- 
vise some sanitary rules for the conduct of the pupils of the coun- 
try school. The State Board of Health will help if asked. 

Seats. 

Are the seats adapted for small children as well as large? 
If adjustable seats are not feasible, perhaps thei Health Committee 
can have the seats cut down or footstools made. 

Janitor. 

Has the school a good janitor? Every appliance provided for 
the health and convenience of the children as well as for the proper 
conduct of the school as a teaching institution, may be nullified or 
ruined by poor janitor service. No money can be better spent than 
in securing a competent man or woman who will look after the 
school property in a cleanly and responsible manner. 



Co-operative Education Association 39 

Cleanliness. 

Then there is the matter of floor oil and its application, dust- 
less chalk and erasers, disinfectant solutions and their use. All of 
these pertain to the janitor and to health. 

Play. 

Then there is the question of healthful supervised play. The 
boy or girl who will not play should be made to play. He usually 
does not know how, or he is sick, in either event he needs atten- 
tion. The Health Committee should provide it. 

Physical Condition of the Children. 

Now we come to the consideration of the child himself for 
whom all this machinery is assembled. 

Is he what he ought to be physically? And what is the re- 
sponsibility of the Health Committee in the premises? 

C ontagious Diseases. 

Before school l^egins, will it not be possible with the co-opera- 
tion of the doctors and health officer to find out what contagious 
diseases are prevalent among children of school age in the neigh- 
borhood ? 

Could not a list of infected homes be furnished the teacher so 
that he (or she) may be on guard? 

Medical Inspection. 

Have the children been medically inspected for physical de- 
fects? If not, no one can know how to accurately gauge school 
progress. A defective child is in a different class from the well 
child and must be judged differently. One of the first duties of 
the Health Committee then should be to get this information by 
having the school inspected. The State Board of Health may be 
able to offer some helpful suggestions along this line. 

Visiting School Nurse. 

When the children are inspected, what are you going to do 
about it? Up-to-date cities and towns find that they must have 
visiting school nurses, or the inspection reaches in a helpful way 
only those most highly intelligent, leaving great numbers uncor- 
rected. 

The counties must employ school nurses too. Two counties in 
Virginia are successfully doing this. The nurses doing the school 



40 Co-operative Education Association 

inspection as well as the home visiting necessary to get the parents 
to take their children to the doctor or to the dentist. A Health 
Committee that wished to start a campaign to put a school nurse 
in the field would have the active aid of the State Board of Health 
if it was requested. 

Local doctors may be induced to make inspection, but they 
cannot with propriety drum up trade for themselves by going 
into the homes and advising people who have not sent for them 
to have their children treated. The nurse is not thus handicapped. 

C o7Tection of Defects. 

From fifty to seventy-five per cent, of school children have 
decayed teeth, dentists for these must be provided. Fifty per 
cent, of Virginia children have enlarged tonsils, specialists must 
be arranged for. 

]Many poor children have crooked spines that may be helped 
if treated in time. Many are terribly handicapped by intestinal 
parasites, which may be absolutely removed by three doses of 
medicine furnished free b}^ the State Board of Health. The Health 
Committee can and should deal Avith these things in a constructive 
way. 

The Com'mMnity Health. 

ISTot alone with the health of the school child should the 
Health Committee concern itself, but with community health 
problems as well. 

Is your town or village or community sanitary and healthful? 
Are the privies all open at the back? Does the air in the summer 
time smell of roses and honeysuckle or does it reek with the odor 
of manure ? Are the wells and springs unguarded ? Are the stores 
and food unscreened ? Is your milk uninspected ? Does every way- 
side tramp have free opportunity to leave the filth from his hands 
on the village well rope? Do the hogs and cows wander at will 
through your streets? Are weeds left uncut to harbor all sorts 
of insanitary material? Are your houses screened? Are tlieri^ 
a lot of old vacant ram-shackled buildings in the town in which all 
sorts of nuisances are committed ? Have you an active health 
(.fficer? If so, what is he paid? And how much of his practice 
should he destroy for the amount he gets? 

All of these things are the concern of a Health Committee. 
Organize and get to work and the State Board of Health stands 
ready with free literature, free advice, free speakers to help you 
make your community a model of good health and beauty. 



Com/munity League Bulletm 41 ' 

Syecial Days and Helfs. 

You should have a genuine community clean-up day at least 
twice a year, and better, four times, or every season. 

This committee should make the very most of the Better Health 
Day program, given in the Special Day Bulletin, issued by our 
Association. 

Bulletins on school sanitation, school inspection, and on every 
phase of community health may be had for the asking at the of- 
fice of the State Board of Health, Richmond, Virginia. Send 
j'^our request on a postal card and you will be placed on the mailing 
list. 

Advice as to pure food and milk inspection will be furnished 
gratis by the Dairy and Food Commissioner, Library Building, 
Eichmond, Va. 

Publicity Committee 

This is an advertising age, and it has become just as necessary 
for communities to give due publicity to their resources, as for a 
business house to advertise its goods. The good feature is that, 
newspapers — daily or weekly — are ready and willing to grant their 
service if the community will furnish the means in real news form. 
You need to cultivate the art of seeing a good news item in every 
community happening. 

Social News. 

You sliould see that the community has a good correspondent 
who will furnish items of the social activities of the community, 
to every paper that comes to your locality. Make these items 
breezy, not just a lifeless statement of facts. 

League Neivs. 

Everything your League does that is of any interest, should be 
giA^en account of and it will be wise to give plenty of advance in- 
formation about the special day programs, but to play fair with 
the newspaper, be sure to give a good write-up of the day, after 
it is over, for this will be news. Eegular and special meetings 
should also be announced through the papers, and by notice at 
some public places, such as the post office, or other prominent 
locations. 

Faithfully report the activities of each committee. Your an- 
nual report should receive special attention. 



42 Co-operative Education Association 

Business News. 

All important business items, such as the building- of a new 
store, house or factory, the bringing in or sending out of any es- 
pecially large orders or anything that happens in a business way 
on the farm that can be made into a news item, should be pub- 
lished. If a farm sells for a good price, or a very large crop has 
been made by one of your citizens it will attract attention to your 
community if this is put before the people. 

Social N'ews. 

Anything of special interest in your school may be made help- 
ful to others if you will only let it be known. New work under- 
taken or accomplished, or good work done by a class or room, and 
the monthly honor roll, with enrollment and average attendance 
should be worth telling. 

Be constantly on the lookout for news, search for items of in- 
terest, use all legitimate means to learn what is going on, put 
this in the very best form and send it forth, is the real duty of 
this committee. Items that are of more than local interest should 
be sent to us that we may make use of them. 

Membership Committee 

The goal of this committee should be "Every white adult of 
good character a member of the League,"' then earnestly and stead- 
ily strive to reach this goal. 

Hoio to Begin. 

The chairman should secure a list of the names of the present 
members, and make a copy for each member of the committee. 
The committee should carefully make up a list of those who 
should be members, then let each committeeman be responsible for 
a given number on this list, and as the}^ are brought in, the names 
should be checked oif. At each meeting see how the committee- 
men are progressing in reducing their lists. 

Follow Uj). 

The committee should be responsible for the work and direct 
the movement to secure new members, but the^^ should use every 
old member of the League if necessary to bring others in. If the 
committee cannot prevail on a person to join, then other members 
of the League should be sent to see this one until he is won over. 
Never give up a good prospect. Do the work systematically and 



Community League Bulletin 43 

faithfully, month by month, keeping a perfect record of the work, 
rather than by exciting whirlwind campaigns. Be sure at the 
end of the year that you have made some progress. 

Keeping Old Members. 

This committee must also remember that it is just as essential 
to keep the old members in as it is to get new members. It is 
the leakage that hurts. If you hear that a member considers 
withdrawing, see that one at once and tr}^ to prevent the step, or 
if one withdraws visit that one at once and make an effort to bring 
him back. Look after those who are neglecting the work or the 
regular meetings for they are the ones that are likely to drop out. 
As long as a member is working and attending the meetings regu- 
larly there is not much danger of his quitting. 

This committee should make a report each month and keep a 
faithfal record of the membership. 

Community Fairs 

A Tentative Suggestion hy the Office of Markets and Rural 
Organisation^ United States Department of Agriculture. 

The community fair is a miniature countrj^ fair with the "mid- 
way," horse races, and catch-penny schemes left out. It is, of the 
community, by the community, for the community. 

It is one of the finest types of community co-operation, in 
which the resources of the community are brought before the eyes 
of everyone in the community. No one need feel he has nothing to 
exhibit. He is in friendly competition only with his neighbors. 
No one from "afar off" can spring any surprises and capture all 
prizes. 

The whole scheme is purely community effort, and can be large 
or small, elaborate or otherwise as the people of the community de- 
sire. Athletics, speakers and pageants may be introduced. 

The exhibits may and ought to be transported to the county 
fair as a community exhibit. A friendly rivalry between com- 
munities in this way would greatly increase the social and educa- 
tional value of most county fairs. 

The attached list of things that may be exhibited is only sug- 
gestive and is not intended to limit exhibits to articles named. 

It will not cost you one penny. Spend a day of profit apd 
pleasure, and you will feel proud of your community. 



44 Co-operative Education Association 

Bring something to exhibit in one of these departments: 

Animal and Pwiltry Department. 

Such as horses, mules, cows, goats, sheep, hogs, dogs, all breeds 
of chickens, pigeons and pet birds. 

Crop Department. 

Such as corn, cotton, sugar cane, sorghum cane, pumpkins, 
peanuts, oats, wheat, soy beans, velvet beans, peas, grasses, and 
clovers. 

Coohery Department. 

Such as jellies, preserves, canned fruits, canned vegetables, 
pickles, cake, pan biscuits, display and variety of corn bread, light 
bread, butter, catsup, and sauce. 

Domestic Art Department. 

Such as embroidery work, crochet work, china painting, drawn 
work, hemstitching, quilts and rugs, dresses and trimmed hats 
made by girls under fifteen j^ears of age, dressed dolls by girls un- 
der ten years of age. 

Home Economics Department. 

Such as fireless cooker, iceless refrigerator, sanitary cream sep- 
arator and convenient ironing board. 

Orchard and Garden Department. 

Herbs, apples, pears, plums, peaches, dried fruits, grapes, figs, 
chestnuts, pecans, walnuts, potatoes, cabbage, beans, carrots, cel- 
ery, beets, onions, turnips, parsnips, collards, cucumbers and egg 
plant, Swiss chard, cauliflower, and all other garden products. 

Floioer Department. 

Such as collections of cut and potted flowers, ferns and any- 
thing representing the beauties of the flower yard. 

Art and Craft Department. 

Such as map of Virginia and map of your county, dfaWti by 
boy or girl under fifteen, specimens of copying and business writ- 
ing, any kind of manual training work, such as bird cages and 
houses, dog houses, home-made toA^s, toy houses, boats, guns, bas- 



Corwmunity League Bulletin 45 

kets, mats, clay modeling, collections of leaves (named) and 
mounted on card, mounted birds, collections of insects (named), 
and Indian arrowheads. The young folks are expected to use their 
ingenuity in working up exhibits. 

Historical Relic Department. 

Such as old war guns, canteens, sabers, and swords, antique 
clothing. Confederate and Union uniforms, old looms and spinning 
wheels, old china and silverware, and any kind of old and curious 
relics. 

The High School Co-operative League 

Miss J. Douglas AVright, Secretary. 

The Senior, or Community League, should faithfully encour- 
age the older boj^s and girls in the school to organize a League. 
If this League has been organized already the adults p^^ 
every encouragement possible to these young people, for the most 
certain hope of final community co-operation is through the train- 
ing of the young people in this great endeavor. 

This League should labor for the protection and improve- 
ment of school property and grounds, and cultivate a genuine 
school spirit that will make for lively school activities. These 
young people should also be given a part in the work for home and 
community improvement. 

Through this League we desire to encourage local, county and 
State contests in athletics and literary activities, and boys' and 
girls' club work. We have the hearty co-operation of State and 
county school officials, the Univers«ty of Virginia, the County 
Agricultural and Home Demonstration agents, and the Y. M. C. 
A. workers. 

We have a separate bulletin for High or Elementary School 
Co-operative Leagues, which will be sent upon request. 

Speakers for Community Meetings 

Very often a community wants a speaker for the League meet- 
ing, and more especially so on the special day occasions, and 
there are scores of men in the State who are willing to perform 
this service. So our effort is to bring these leagues and speakers in 
touch with each other. 

Heretofore we have been giving a long list of names in the 
bulletin, but we learn, to our regret, that as a rule very few calls 



46 Co-operative Education Association 

have been extended to these men and women. Feeling that per- 
haps the leagues have done without this service because of having 
written to one or two persons Avho could not come they just gave 
up, we are suggesting this year, that you write to a designated 
person at an institution stating the object of your meeting and 
ask for a speaker. You can, of course, name your preference, 
but grant the liberty of sending some one else, if the one you de- 
sire is engaged or unable to respond at that time. 

The following institutions will furnish a speaker on request, 
if it is at all possible, if you will Avrite to the person indicated: 

Department of Public Instruction,. Richmond, Secretary Evan R. 

Chesterman. 
State Board of Health, Richmond, Bi\ Ennion G. Williams. 
State Highway Commission, Richmond, Mr. G. P. Coleman. 
State Agricultural Department, Richmond. Mr. G. W. Koiner. 
State Dairy and Food Commission, Richmond, Mr. B. L. Purcell. 
State Board of Charities and Corrections, Richmond, Dr. J. T. 

Mastin. 
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Prof. C. G. Maphis. 
State Normal School, Farmville, President J. L. Jarman. 
State Normal School, Fredericksburg, President E. H. Russell. 
State Normal School, Radford, President J. P. McConnell. 
State Normal School, Harrisonburg, President J. A. Burruss. 
William and Marv College. Williamsburo;, President Lvon G. 

Tyler. 
Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg. Dr. J. D. Eggleston. 
Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, General E. W. Nichols. 
Martha Washington College. Abingdon, Miss Catherine Walter. 
Emory and Henry College, Emory, Dr. C. C. Weaver. 
Roanoke College, Salem, Dr. J. A. Morehead. 
Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Dr. H. L. Smith. 
Sweet Briar College, Sweet Briar, Miss Emilie W, McVea. 
BridgeAvater College, Bridgewater, Dr. J. S. Florv. 
Randolph-Macon Woman's College, Lync'iburg, Dr. W. A. Webb. 
Virginia Christian Colleo-e, Lynchburo-, Dr. W. G. Shackelford. 
Blackstone College for Girls. Blackstone, Dr. Jas. Cannon, Jr. 
Hampden-Sidney College, Hampden-Sidney, Dr. IT. T. Graham. 
Richmond College, Richmond, Dr. F. W. Boatwright. 
Westhampton College, Richmond, Dr. R. E. Loving. 
Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Dr. R. E. Blackwell. 
Hampton Normal Institute, Hampton, Dr. PL B. Frissell. 
Co-operative Education Association, Richmond. Secretary J. H. 

Montgomery. 
The County Superintendent, Agricultural or Home Demon- 



Community League BuUeti/n Al 

stration agent, any school man, minister or huvyer will be glad to 
respond to your request when it is possible to do so. 

The railroads in the State, through their agricultural de- 
partments, are glad to send speakers to the league meetings. You 
may write for a speaker to Mr. ¥. H. LeBaume, of the N. & AV. 
Ry., Roanoke, Mr. Stuart C. Leake, of the R. F. & P. Ry., Rich- 
mond, Mr. K. T. Crawley, of -the C. & O. Ry., Richmond, Mr. M. 
V. Richards, of the Southern Rv., Washington, D. C, Mr. J. A. 
Pride, of the S. A. L. Ry., Js^orfolk. 

Free Entertainment 

The following institutions will furnish at least four free en- 
tertainments to schools near them, provided the schools receiving 
the service pay the expenses of the entertainers. The communities 
near these colleges should certainly take advantage of this offer: 

Martha Washington College, Abingdon, Va., Virginia Inter- 
mont College, Bristol, Va., Marion College, Marion, Va., Rad- 
ford Normal School, Radford, Va., Hollins College, Hollins, Va., 
Daleville College, Daleville, Va., Harrisonburg Normal School, 
Harrisonburg, Va., Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, Va., Sweet 
Briar College, Sweet Briar, Va., Fredericksburg Normal School, 
Fredericksburg, Va., Richmond College, Richmond, Va. 

If you want to give a good play by home talent, write to 
Hunter Book Co., or the Bell Book Co., Richmond, Va., for cata- 
log of plays. 

Stereopticon and Lantern Slides 

A number of the public schools of the State have purchased 
stereopticons while a few have procured moving picture machines. 
)AQien there is sufficient demand on the part of the school, the Co- 
operative Education Association will secure lantern slide sets to 
be loaned for lecture purposes. For catalogues on stereopticons 
and moving picture machines, write Community Motion Picture 
Bureau, Boston, Mass., Victor Animalograph Co., Davenport, Iowa, 
or Bausch and Lomb Optical Co., Rochester, N. Y. 



48 Co-operative Education Association 



Report of Organization 

Co-operative Education Association, 

Eichmond, Va. 
Dear Sirs: — 

I desire to rejoort the organization of the following league: 

School County 

JSl ame of Teacher Address 

-N ame of League 

Oficers. 

l^resident Address 

Vice-President Address 

Secretary Address 

Treasurer Address 

Chairman Committee on Education 

Chairman Committee on Social and Eecreational Life 

Chairman Committee on Moral Life 

Chairman Committee on Home Improvement 

Chairman Committee on Farm Improvement 

Chairman Committee on Roads and Streets 

Chairman Committee on Health and Sanitation 

Chairman Committee on Publicity 

Chairman Committee on Membership 

Date of Organization 

Number of members 



Signed. 



ORGANIZATION OF STATE DEPARTMENTS 

of Education, Health, Highwaj^s, Agriculture, Dairy and Food, 
and Charities and Corrections. 



State Board of Education 

R. C. Stearnes, Superintendent, E, R, Chesterman, Secretary, J. 

H. Binford, W. W. Edwards, A. L. Lincoln, A. D. 

Wright, E. E. Worrell, Inspectors. 



State Board of Health 

Dr. Ennion G. Williams, Commissioner, Dr. Roy K. Flannagan, 

Assistant Commissioner, Dr. W. A. Flecker, Dr. J. C. 

Fitzgerald, Jr., W. A. Brumfield, and Mr. 

Richard Messer, Assistants. 



State Highway Commission 

G. P. Coleman, Commissioner, C. B. Scott, Assistant Commissioner. 



State Department of Agriculture and Immigration 

G. W. Koiner, Commissioner, J. J. Owen, Director Farmers^ 

Institutes. 



Dairy and Food Division of Department of Agriculture 

B. L. Purcell, Commissioner. 



State Board of Charities and Corrections 

S. C. Hatcher, Chairman, Dr. J. T. Mastin, Secretary. 



Lf.S'''^''^ O*" CONGRESS 




019 605 223 9 



li'i 

Bill 



